Pea cultivation pdf free download 01 195. It is a rich source of protein(21. Green peas or garden peas (Pisum sativum) are one of the ancient cultivated vegetables grown for their succulent nutritious green-pods. a 20% increase in production. 2 million ha for the period 1980–1984 to about 3. Submit Search. 8 percent of total pulse area and 17 percent of total pulse production of the country. In India, production of green peas has increased from 2710000. Nov 6, 2016 · Download full-text PDF Read full-text. amount of field peas are Canada, China, Russia, USA and India. Agril Econ Res Rev 24: 267-273. It is a short-lived perennial shrub growing 2-4 meters tall. The main types grown are snow pea and snap pea, which Aug 23, 2016 · Pisum sativum L. 7%). Gregor Mendel studied inheritance patterns in pea plants in the 1850s and 1860s. Public Full-text 1. 5. Join for free. 01 Root crops 28. In areas prone to severe frost it is advisable The document discusses the origins, descriptions, varieties and cultivars of pigeon pea. 61 Cucurbits 18. In Pakistan, pea production is low as compared to other countries which can be attributed to lack of high yielding genotypes, besides other factors. Sweet pea is a flowering plant native to southern Europe that is grown for its edible pods and seeds. Secondly, using domesticated pea plots as a reference, we used these experimental wild pea nurseries to evaluate the role of the free germination trait in pea domestication. Mendel and his peas - Free download as Word Doc (. 9 times from 1. All of these peas grow best Pea Production Guide “Integrated Crop Solution” Mange tout and sugar snap peas are cool weather legumes which give maximised yields when air temperatures range between 7 - 24 degrees celsius. 19. pptx - Download as a PDF or view online for free Download as a PDF or view online for free. During the same period production increased from 524 thousand t from 1980-1984 to about 3 million tons from the 2014–2017 period. This shows their favourable attitude for green pea cultivation and may adopt scientific technology, the work of Sharma and Gupta (2010) is consistent with present finding. Shriram Sweet Ruby Peas Seeds. - The plant grows well in hot, humid climates with temperatures between 18-38°C and tolerates a range of soil types. Public Effect of different pigeon pea-based intercropping systems on the cost of cultivation, gross return, Net return, and B: C ratio Intercropping Pigeon pea + sorghum Pigeon pea + pearl millet Pigeon pea + maize Pigeon pea + upland rice Pigeon pea + soybean Pigeon pea + mung bean Pigeon pea + black gram Pigeon pea + cowpea Pigeon pea + groundnut In India field pea is grown over an area of 11. ) and (b) the amount of biologically reduced atmospheric nitrogen (N), which was determined using the 15N dilution method (ID15N). However, adequate data to measure the effect of plant species, spacing, irrigation and various climatic effects on the yield of garden pea are limited. Uttar Pradesh is the major field pea growing state producing 60 % of country’s produce. Result: Results indicated that due to an increase in harvesting area and productivity, pigeon pea production increased from 7,65,000 MT in 2008 to 7,98,689 MT in 2017. It alone produces about 49 % of pea produced in India. Pigeon pea commonly known as red gram, arhar , Tur, congopea , gungopea, no eye pea etc is one of the most important pulse crop in India. cylinderica (Catjang Bean) Small poods (7-13cm), generally straight 5-6mm long kidney shaped seeds V. pp. pdf - Free download as PDF File (. The participatory farmers’ discussion helped to identify a set of key traits that would be Dec 14, 2016 · Download full-text PDF Read full-text. pdf), Text File (. ) Millsp] cultivation, its major constraints and ethnobotanical status in Southern Benin Fiacre Zavinon • Hubert Adoukonou Sagbadja* Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Molecular Breeding, Department Jul 3, 2016 · 4. 37. For this Production of vegetables under agroforestry system says that it is a good alternative especially under limited resources. • The karyotype studies showed that chromosomes 1 and 2 are the largest and submetacentric and the latter has a large satellite. Pigeon peas are an important crop that are grown for both food and forage. Harvesting of peas may start as soon as peas started changing colour from dark to green. Download full-text PDF Pea cultivation was the most impactful phase due to emissions from fertilizers and field operations. 89 106. P) “Influence of weather parameters of growth and yield attribute of different sowing date on different varieties of pea plant” Keeping in this view Aug 16, 2020 · Living the slow-paced, contemplative life of a friar, Gregor Mendel was able to conceive and put into practice his great experiment: growing multiple generations of peas. Methods A survey was conducted covering 5 districts reported to be growing field peas in eastern Uganda including; Bulambuli, Kapchorwa, Kween, Namisindwa and Mbale in the Mt. Farmers' major challenges in commercializing pigeon pea production included a lack of credit, insufficient extension contacts, a Nov 26, 2018 · Pea cultivation presentation - Download as a PDF or view online for free. Genetics report on pea crop. 55 Pea 43. It is the cheapest source of protein in the diets of most people. Ajeet Seeds AS-101 5. The yield levels of pulses have remained low and stagnant, also area and total production. 2. unguiculata (Southern pea) Commonly grown, Vine like straight growing stem, small seeds V. Cultivation of peas, Pisum sativum L. Shine Seeds SS10 (Imported) 4. Moreover, application of poultry manure @3 t/ha or FYM @5 t/ha +poultry manure @1. 3 Peas are a nutritious legume, containing 15 to 35% protein, and high concentrations of the essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan (Elzebroek and Wind, 2008). Besides, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Maharashtra are the major pea producing Trainings attended Frequency 41 49 30 120 The higher percentage of green pea growers (58. However, in Punjab, pea is cultivated in about 43,860 ha area with the production of 4,60,450 tonnes mainly in Amritsar, Hoshiarpur and Nawanshahr districts. Agronomy, 2022. - Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) is an important legume crop grown in India, Southeast Asia, and East Africa. It discusses the classification of garden peas, their origin and major production areas. 07 249. Hyveg Goldee Pea Seed. Shriram Saloni Pea Seeds 7. # Suggested link of my you tube video on cow pea cultivation in Production technology of Peas - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. It accounts for about 11. It fixes nitrogen from the atmosphere which reduces the need for nitrogen fertilizer. unguiculata ssp. Pea cultivation presentation - Download as a PDF or view online for free. Keep the field free of Rewari weed, which acts as an inoculum source. Most of the production in North America is for export. The first cultivation of peas appears to have been in Table 3: Cost of cultivation of Pea on different sample farms (Rs/Kanal) Particular a)Hired Human Labour b) Family Labour c) Cost of seed d) Manure and fertilizer e) Irrigation f) Plant protection g) Rental value of owned land Total Input Cost >3 Kanal 6 Kanal < 10 Kanal Small Medium Large Inputs 5000 0 0 12000 16000 18000 4185 8370 13950 2250 2. Frost stress is one of the major abiotic stresses causing seedling death and yield reduction in winter pea. We estimate discrete choice models to evaluate farmers' preferences for perennial attributes of pigeon pea intercropped with maize in central and Mar 28, 2013 · Download full-text PDF Read full-text. The sugar snap pea is the result of a cross between the snow pea and an unusual tightly podded pea with thick walls. • Agronomic significance: Leaving about 30-50 kgN/ha for successive crops, especially cereals. Peas Cultivation Calendar: Seasonal Timeline: Offer a calendar outlining the key tasks and milestones throughout the growing season. 4 g Perennial crops have numerous ecological and agronomic advantages over their annual counterparts. Pigeon pea - Download as a PDF or view online for free. Download full-text PDF. 7(6), pp. 33495/jacr_v7i6. It describes the plant structure and common varieties. Fabaceae 2n = 14 Central Asia Production technology of garden pea Ningappa Kirasur 2014-12-129 Dept. CAGR and multiple regression were adopted as the study methods. Dec 9, 2020 · Pea, (Pisum sativum), likewise called garden pea, herbaceous annual plant in the family Fabaceae, cultivated basically worldwide for its eatable seeds. txt) or read online for free. 63 and 171. Yield depends on the variety, soil fertility and management of the field. Elgon sub zone. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change. 20. 77 %) , potash (3. Alley cropping system can play a significant contribution of the multiple components of yield especially in hot regions. 5 t/ha was found to be most effective with respect to pod yield of garden pea and ultimately economics of pea cultivation for higher net income with higher B:C ratio (3. Sep 22, 2023 · Download full-text PDF Read full-text. Multiple pickings like, 4 to 5 pickling can be done within the 6 to 10 days interval. Pea production provides several agronomic advantages in the Mediterranean region supporting more sustainable cropping systems and reduced nitrogen fertiliser use. Another major challenge is expanding the usage of pea protein while reducing costs. 34 2948. 0 to 7. 2 million tons in 2014 • Six countries including India, Australia, Turkey, Myanmar, Pakistan and Ethiopia account for about 90% of world chickpea production. Jun 8, 2020 · household farm assets, crop and livestock production, pigeon pea cost of cultivation & production practices, production constraints, access to information and preferences for pigeon pea varietal traits etc. 9 million ha with current annual production estimated to be about 6. ppt / . It is the fifth most important pulse crop in Ethiopia after faba bean, field pea, chickpea and haricot bean. A field experiments was conducted during winter seasons of 2021-22 at Agricultural Research Farm of Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Science, Prayagraj (U. The major growing regions are India, East Africa Marketing cropping system in district SBS Nagar. Specifically, peas Sep 10, 2021 · In India, during 2019-2020, garden pea is grown over an area of 5,63,000 ha with the annual production of 57,03,000 metric tonnes. In India, it is a common vegetable in winter and is rich in protein and fibre. Peas are relatively . Pahuja Pea (PS - 1100 ) 3. Profitability of pea cultivation under different sowing times. transgene free lines with segregated selection genes . CHICK PEAS CULTIVATION IN PAKISTAN The world's total production of chick pea hovers around 8. Being a legume, field pea will fix the majority ©2019 Scienceweb Publishing Journal of Agricultural and Crop Research Vol. doc / . txt) or view presentation slides online. 429-459. - At planting In 2011 and 2012, several expedition in the upper flow of the river Pĉinja, southeastern Serbia, rediscovered a complex wild population of Pisum elatius in the forest on the slopes of the Mount Kozjak An in situ analysis of his pea taxon showed a considerable potential for forage and grain production of very good quality. Pea cultivation. A thorough preparation of soil is necessary Mar 11, 2023 · cultivation of Garden pea - Download as a PDF or view online for free Download as a PDF or view online for free. Production Practices for Green Peas Different production practices in pea cultivation followed on the sample farms have been recorded in Table 4. Jul 1, 2014 · Download full-text PDF Read full-text. Present bulletm "Production Technology for Cowpea" IS composed of VItal knowledge of practJcal relevance to the fanners and other mtended users The same, It IS hoped w')uld be useful as a reference to cultlVars m tackling day to day problems m cultIVatIOn of cowpea to raIse cowpea for bumper harvest and to accelerate cost benefit Pea cultivation is widespread in areas having a mild and warm climate, because relatively high or low temperatures are the most important factors limiting pea cultivation (Ambrose, 2008). How to grow , howit grows etc cultivation in Nigeria. Cytology • All Pisium species have 2n = 14 chromosomes. is a popular legume crop, the advantage of which is that nitrogen accumulates in the soil after its cultivation. Pre-Cultivation Preparation 1 –5 3. g The pea is full of nutrition because its grain is Pea is the third most important pulse crop at global level, after dry bean and chickpea and third most popular rabi pulse of India after chickpea and lentil. Jun 1, 2022 · Download full-text PDF Read full-text. Several high-yielding varieties have been introduced to the Philippines from Pigeon peas were chosen for several reasons: (1) across South and East Africa, 79% of agricultural land is suitable for pigeon pea cultivation; (2) crops grow faster and at greater yields with a reduced need for fertilizer when cultivated with pigeon peas, and (3) pigeon peas are abundant sources of biologically-fixed nitrogen and carbon, which May 1, 2022 · 4. To improve the frost tolerance of pea, field evaluation of frost tolerance was conducted on 672 diverse pea accessions at three locations in Northern China in three growing seasons from 2013 to 2016 and marker-trait association analysis of frost tolerance were Diagnosis and Remedies: Provide a troubleshooting chart for quick problem-solving. Field peas are most often grown on re-crop following small grain. It contains carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins, especially vitamin B complex. The area under pea/farm turned out to be 1. Suitable varieties/Hybrids The snow or sugar pea has a flat pod with minimal development of the seeds, while the sugar snap pea or snap pea has well developed seeds and is fully rounded (Hocking 1997, Suslow and Cantwell 1998). 1 kg ai/ha as pre-emergence followed Jan 1, 2008 · Download full-text PDF Read full-text. This document summarizes information about pea production technology, including that peas are a popular vegetable crop grown in winter in India as a source of protein. pptx), PDF File (. K. Pea is a diploid with Dec 1, 2017 · Pea occupies 459 thousand hectare area in India and shares 21 percent production of the world. Diagnosis and Remedies: Provide a troubleshooting chart for quick problem-solving. Five species of Vigna Three cultivated types V. 27 699. 0 tonne per hectare. It grown mostly as a rainfed crop in dryland areas. To realize the impact of field pea improved cultivar, integrated weed, nutrient and pest management techniques, Integrated Crop Management demonstrations were conducted in participatory mode in rabi season during four consecutive years from 2018-19 to 2021-22 at 100 farmers' fields located in fourteen randomly selected villages under five blocks of the district. Introduction: Background, Common Varieties and Optimal Ecological Requirements 2. Resources and References: Additional Reading: Provide links to reputable sources, research papers, and books on peas cultivation. The human labour used by the small, medium and large farms was 165. This document provides information on the Jul 18, 2016 · Pigeon pea - Download as a PDF or view online for free. For instance, the drought in north America in 2021 caused a sharp decline in pea production, leading to higher prices and financial losses for pea processors in China. This study was carried out at the Tropical Farm of Kom-Ombo, Aswan, Egypt during 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 seasons to investigate the value of growing pea plants under alley cropping with two tree species; the Egyptian river hemp (Sesbania sesban) and white lead tree (Leucaena Diagnosis and Remedies: Provide a troubleshooting chart for quick problem-solving. Peas can be used fresh as well as canned, or frozen, and dried peas are usually utilized in soups and as a vegetable. Oat–Field Pea Intercropping for Sustainable Oat Production: Effect on Yield, Nutritive Value and Environmental Impact (Hordeum vulgare L Jan 9, 2015 · The method of propagation, land preparation, planting and seed rate are summarised for farmers who would be interested in growing cowpea as revenue-earning cash crop. Download full-text PDF Pea production provides several agronomic advantages in the Mediterranean region supporting more sustainable cropping systems and Sep 3, 2019 · Download full-text PDF Read full-text. It grows well in cool, mountainous regions of the Philippines. Advanta Golden (UPL ) Pea GS10 2. Training Title: Cow Pea Production Objective: To provide a guideline on production of Cow Pea Specific Objective: • To provide basic information on production, post-harvest handling, and marketing of Cow Pea leaves Contents: 1. sativum having a chromosome number 2n=14, plant is short lived, herbaceous annual which climbs by leaflets tendrils. Uses • As a nutritional supplement to cereals and an extender of animal proteins • The tender green leaves are prepared as a pot herb, like spinach • Green cowpea seeds, Dry mature seeds are boiled as a fresh vegetable,canned ,frozen • used green or as dry fodder • a green manure crop, a nitrogen fixing crop, or for erosion control On other hand, more size of farmland was allocated for grass pea production by some households despite the fact that all owned small farmland size. In each district two major field pea growing sub counties were purposively selected. doc), PDF File (. Mar 20, 2024 · production occurring in the Canadian Prairies (Statistics Canada 2016; USDA 2020). 5 million ha between 2014 and 2017. a survey of pigeon pea growing agricultural fields was carried out and it was found that 80% of plants were inadequately nodulated Diagnosis and Remedies: Provide a troubleshooting chart for quick problem-solving. docx), PDF File (. This study was undertaken to find out the possibility of growing pea with highly adaptable two tree species; the Egyptian river hemp (Sesbania sesban) and white lead tree (Leucaena leucocephala) under two levels of nitrogen fertilizer. Cultivated garden pea is not seen in wild state and it might have been originated from wild field pea or other related species. Bioseed Veg Green Pea 10 Seeds P. Poorly drained and saline soils should be avoided when growing peas. 93 human-days per hectare, respectively with the overall figure Mar 27, 2023 · 08 field pea. (2017). Pea production has declined in the region; however, interest in pea cultivation has recently revived. The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of pea crop for enhanced yield and quality. Estimates of the total cultivated area and production of grass pea in Ethiopia was reported to be 83,522 hectares and 92,339 tonnes, respectively. India in 2012. Uttar Pradesh is the major field pea growing state. . Seeds are planted directly in prepared seed beds at depths of 2. In lentil exports, Canada is followed by Australia, USA, Turkey, and UAE, whereas in field pea exports, Canada leads USA, Russia, France, and Australia. efficiency of green peas under different supply chains in Punjab. An overview of pea cultivation - Free download as PDF File (. This document provides information on the cultivation of garden peas. ansabayeva@bk. has increased by about 2. Yield (q/ha) Production (000 t) Potato 107. Methodology 2. 40%) had high scientific orientation on green pea cultivation. Its green pods as well as dry seeds are in great demand for cooking as vegetable and as pulse, respectively. 5 and if falls below 6, the land should received adequate, though not excessive dressing of lime. free of pests. Scientific reports, 2017. In contrast, fresh pea is harvested while the seed is still green, and for cultivars of snow pea and snap pea, known as edible pod peas, the pod is also consumed. Botany . Dec 31, 2017 · Download full-text PDF Read full-text. Download Free PDF. The production guide is meant to provide field based agricultural extension personnel and farmers with quick reference material to guide them in the promotion of cowpea production. Important vegetable crop grown all over the world Grown as winter crop in India Highly nutritive and rich source of protein 7% Used as fresh vegetable, canned or dehydrated The average yield Jan 9, 2017 · Pea - Download as a PDF or view online for free. 3 million tons in 2013 and 14. It is possible to grow the crop outside of this optimum range by subtle use of irrigation. 62 %), phosphorous (4. It is highly nutritive containing high percentage of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins A &K and calcium and phosphorus. From observing yellow peas, green peas, smooth peas, and wrinkled peas, Mendel crafted his theory of heredity--years before scientists had any notion of genes. PEA (Pisum sativum) Pea is very popular crop. In Punjab, it ranks second in area among vegetable crops after potato and occupies an area of 31. SWEET PEA Production Guide - Free download as Word Doc (. J Krishi Vigyan, 7(1): 245-247. The traditional cultivation of peas was limited by their high susceptibility to lodging प्रमुख किस्मे | Best hybrid variety for green peas farming - 1. Jan 1, 2006 · Download full-text PDF Read full It has been argued that the farmers be advised by the agricultural extension experts to adopt green pea cultivation for improving the efficiency of the farms Table 1 Grain Yield of Pigeon Pea and Component Crops, Biological Yield and Harvest Index of Pigeon Pea, Pigeon Pea Equivalent Yield as Influenced by Weed Management Grain yield (kg/ha) Treatments T1- Farmers’ practice (One hoeing at 30-35 DAS) T2- Two hand weeding (30 & 60 DAS) T3- Imazethapyr @ 0. peas have lower tolerance to saline and water-logged soil conditions than cereal grains. grown on about 5. The field experiment was carried out in 2013 and 2014 as part of a long-term experiment to test the influence of different soil tillage systems (conventional, reduced, direct sowing) on (a) the yield of summer pea (Pisum sativum L. 6. Journal of Krishi Vigyan, 2024. Centre for Jan 1, 2020 · Download full-text PDF Read full-text. However, CAGR indicated a nonsignificant decrease. The top producers globally are India, Myanmar, and Kenya. 5-10 cm. Use of seed and nitrogen remained stagnated over the period of time. 36 lakh tonnes during XIIth Plan period (2012-2015). 03, 153. Key words: Area, CAGR, Myanmar, Pigeon pea, Production, Trend. The green peas pods should be harvested at proper stage. 84 ha. 7 million tonnes. ru ABSTRACT Pea, Pisum sativum L. It belongs to the family Fabaceae of the genus, Pisum. This allocation of large land to grass pea production has been related to accessing more farmland through share cropping modality. However, to get the details on the factors affecting green pea production, the study area was restricted to Mutare District mainly because of time and resource constraints. 09 351. Peas. The main constituent of the cost of cultivation of peas is manures and fertilizers, followed by cost on bullock/ human labour/tractor and pesticides/chemicals. CONDITIONS FOR GROWING COWPEA Rainfall 250-500 mm of well distributed rainfall during the growing season is adequate for cowpea production. REFERENCES Brar N S, Jaidka M and Sharma M (2018). The field should be kept free from weeds by giving 2. H C Wein). Pea cultivation is widespread in areas having a mild and warm climate, because relatively high or low temperatures are the most important factors limiting pea cultivation (Ambrose, 2008). pigeon pea production in southern and central Benin suffer from other constraints that are waterlogging, pest and diseases limited area of pea cultivation and the unpredictability of production. The quality of fresh pea Aug 14, 2011 · download. The fruits are pods containing 4-5 seeds that can be various colors. 09 275. of Olericulture COH, Vellanikkara1 2. 42) and proved its superiority over remaining organic manures. Area comprising Central Asia, the Near East, Abyssinia and the Mediterranean is the centre of origin based on genetic diversity. ) were established by culturing mature seeds on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with Field pea is also used for animal feed. Figure 1: Area and production of pea in Punjab (2011-12 to 2015-16) Table 1: Nutritional value of garden peas (per 100 g fresh weight basis) Nutrient Value Energy 81 Kcal Protein 5. cowpea and pigeon pea will reduce the Pigeon pea - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. The area, production and yield of different vegetables during 2020-21 ie as under: Table : Area, yield and production of vegetable during 2020-21 Vegetable Area (000 ha) Av. 85%). 95 %), female labour (2. Among the pulses pigeon pea is second most important grain-legumes and major constraints in pigeon pea production is mostly grown in grown on marginal lands under rainfed agriculture and without nutrient management, hence are prone to abiotic stresses. Field pea is also used for animal feed. sesquipedalis (Asparagus or yard long bean) Vine like or climbing in habit, pods drooping, very long (30-90 cm) Two May 30, 2018 · Peas can grow be grown on variety of soil from light sandy loam to clay, though best results are obtained on well drained loose, friable, loamy soils. The most favourable range of pH is between 6. 95-105, June 2019 doi: 10. Dec 1, 2018 · Area & Production • world chickpea production reached 13. 5 million metric tons annually and is grown over Green peas cultivation is highly labour-intensive like all other vegetable crops (Rao and Tripathi, 1979 and Khunt and Desai, 1996) and requires high dosages of manures and fertilizers. Dhall, R. 1 Study area To get an overview of green pea production in Zimbabwe, national statistics on green pea production were used. 131 ISSN: 2384-731X Research Paper Pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L. The productivity gain under demonstration programme over existing practices of field pea cultivation created greater awareness and motivated Samui S K, Maitra S, Roy D K, Mandal A K and Saha D (2000). The grain yield pattern of the wild pea plots is discussed with special emphasis on the classical domestication syndrome traits, free germination and pod indehiscence (e. Garden Peas. Temperature Oct 24, 2014 · Cowpea - Download as a PDF or view online for free. It originated in India over 3,500 years ago and was spread through Africa and the Americas by trade. In The Physiology of Vegetable Crops (Ed. 27 Download Free PDF. and garden pea (Pisum sativum L. Peas most often will die after 24 to 48 hours in a water-logged condition. 92 %), bullock labour (3. No caption available +1 Sep 1, 2023 · Download full-text PDF Read The field pea crop should be free from weeds for the period up to 40 The booklet deals with production technology for rajmash and peas under Sangla valley To attend this growth in pigeon pea production, farmers of this region had increased the utilization of some of the important inputs viz male labour (3. Download full-text PDF Egypt during 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 seasons to investigate the value of growing pea plants under alley cropping with two tree Sep 6, 2023 · Download full-text PDF Read full-text. 38 %) and insecticide (5. Vavilov (1926) listed different centres of origin for pea. On other hand, more size of farmland was allocated for grass pea production by some households despite the fact that all owned small farmland size. The average yield/ha also followed the same trend from 409 kg/ha Dec 5, 2022 · Download full-text PDF Read full-text. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. Canada is the world’s top exporter of lentils and peas, working with 150 markets around the world. 50 lakh ha with a production of about 10. in organic farming Assiya Ansabayeva Baitursynov Kostanay Regional University, Kostanay, Kazakhstan E-mail: asiya. 41 467. 8. mcp bxepra znmlh ldfon judzraj vupbmta cnqaqzfj zed rkaz uvzvkz